Somalia's Path to Unity: Overcoming the Constitutional Crossroads

The current circumstances in Somalia are not conducive to the completion of the constitution. The government faces significant challenges, including a deeply polarized society, limited territorial control, and competing visions for the country's future. These factors impede the ability to create a constitution that effectively addresses the diverse needs and aspirations of the Somali people.

The polarization within Somali society, rooted in historical grievances and rivalries, poses a major obstacle to the constitutional process. It is crucial to achieve a national consensus that accommodates the wide array of interests and perspectives. However, the current environment does not foster the necessary unity and collaboration.

Moreover, the government's limited control over the country's territory hampers its ability to implement and enforce a unified constitutional framework. The idea of Somaliland's separation from Somalia undermines the legitimacy of the constitution and its potential to serve as a national charter.

The current constitutional process has been marred by secrecy, exclusion, and a lack of transparency. This has raised doubts about the legitimacy and representativeness of the draft constitution, potentially causing discontent and disengagement among the populace.

In addition, the rush to complete the constitution has compromised the essential process of thorough debate and consensus-building. A constitution is a foundational document that requires careful consideration and the involvement of all stakeholders to ensure its durability and acceptance.

The path to a widely accepted constitution necessitates a more inclusive approach that brings together all stakeholders, including regional administrations and the broader public. However, the current process lacks a unified stance among these entities, threatening the legitimacy of the constitutional process and the fabric of Somali federalism.

The separate negotiation stance of Puntland and the quest for independence by Somaliland further complicate the constitutional process. These issues require nuanced and sensitive negotiations to reconcile divergent aspirations and establish a cohesive constitutional framework for Somalia.

The lack of comprehensive public consultations and substantive political negotiations underscores a critical gap in the constitutional process. Ensuring broad-based participation and agreement is vital for fostering a sense of ownership and commitment to the constitutional framework among all segments of Somali society.

A truly representative constitution must address the diverse concerns and interests of all groups, including women, youth, and minority clans. The current process falls short of this inclusivity, risking the perpetuation of marginalization and inequality within the Somali political and social landscape.

Contentious debates over the federal structure and the electoral system highlight profound disagreements on the distribution of power and the nature of governance in Somalia. These disputes must be resolved through inclusive dialogue and compromise to ensure that the constitution provides a stable and equitable foundation for Somali governance.

The proposed referendum process has also attracted criticism for its lack of clarity and consensus. A transparent, inclusive, and well-communicated referendum process is crucial for ensuring that the constitution carries the genuine mandate of the Somali people.

In conclusion, the current conditions in Somalia are not conducive to the completion of the constitution. To create a constitution that effectively addresses the diverse needs and aspirations of the Somali people, it is necessary to address the challenges of polarization, limited territorial control, and competing visions for the country's future.